Great Society: Big Ideas

School Desegregation Montgomery Bus Boycott Tallahassee Bus Boycott Freedom Rides March on Washington Children's Crusade Freedom Summer Selma March and Bloody Sunday own words) Boycott †refusal to manage something, for example, a business, as a dissent to compel a change Civil noncompliance †purposeful violating of a law in a peaceful or inactive way Civil Rights Movement †social development of the asses ND asses to build up balance and social liberties for African Americans Integration †acknowledgment and equivalent access for all individuals into a gathering or spot Segregation †authorized partition of gatherings Social activism †utilization of direct activity to realize social change 7. 03: Minority Rights: The Big Ideas How were the Civil Rights Movement and other social developments of the asses comparable? How were ladies seen by the greater part of society in the asses? How did this adjustment in the ASSES?What was the Equal Rights Amendment? What befell it? Who were the United Farm Workers? How could they battle for their motivation? What was the Native American Power development? How did life change for Native Americans in 1953? What did Native Americans increase through social activism in the asses and early ASSES? Dim Panthers (Who were they and what did they battle for? ) National Organization for Women (NOW) (What were their objectives? ) Betty Friedman Phyllis Scholarly Cesar Caves Events (Describe the occasion, its circumstances and end results) Civil Rights Act of 1964 (How did it influence distinctive minority gatherings? ) 1961 †President's Commission on the Status of Women Title IX was passed

Alexander Pope’s poem The Rape of the Lock Essay Example for Free

Alexander Pope’s sonnet The Rape of the Lock Essay There are a few perspectives to Alexander Pope’s sonnet, The Rape of the Lock which concrete it as a special and significant work. In addition to the fact that Pope’s use of symbolism and other scholarly devices make a scene of the world which is spoken to here, however Pope likewise makes the sentiment of absolute emersion into the story for the peruser.  â â â â â â â â â â There are likewise numerous individual issues, inside the work itself, which use their social remaining to make feeling for the peruser, for example, the utilization of medications all through The Rape of the Lock. This makes an enthusiastic bond with between the peruser and the character inside the sonnet by constraining the peruser to make decisions on the characters. This judgment, at that point, turns out to be a piece of the reader’s vision of the world Pope made inside the sonnet.  â â â â â â â â â â While the sonnet itself was called to be composed by Pope’s dear companion, to end the fight between two families, what Pope prevails with regards to making was an epic of desire, revelry and social posing. This story, spun by Alexander Pope, appears to be the same amount of a judgment of the social separation of his period, as it is a supplication for all around conceived families to set aside their frivolous quarrels. The occasions paving the way to the composition of the sonnet, as clarified by Pope were:  â â â â â â â â â â The taking of Miss Belle Fermors hair, was paid attention to as well, and caused anâ â â â â â â â â â â â â alienation between the two families, however they had lived for such a long time in extraordinary companionship  â â â â previously. A typical associate and wellâ â â â wisher to both wanted me to compose a sonnet toâ â â â â â â â â â â â â â make a joke of it, and chuckle them together once more. It was withâ â â this view I composed the Rape of the Lock. (Pope) This mostly clarifies the utilization of the term â€Å"Rape† in the title. The utilization of such a solid word to portray such a foolish occasion delineates Alexander Pope’s attachment to spoof †just as his capacity to represent the unusual and regularly amusing eccentricities of the well off first class.  â â â â â â â â â â As Pope starts his five demonstration sonnet, his first line the two inquiries and blames the gatherings engaged with the contention by asking what â€Å"trivial things† could have been viewed as such a â€Å"dire Offence†. The attack which is discussed by Pope in this first canto is depicted as being submitted by a â€Å"well-reproduced Lord† upon a â€Å"gentle Belle†. This ambush is additionally addressed, in that Pope asked how a â€Å"Belle† could decline the advances of such a very much conceived man. It is the suspicion, from this early trade, it was socially anticipated that these two people, definitely because of their social standing, would have no real option except to shape a physical association †totally overlooking any close to home decision in the issue.  â â â â â â â â â â Throughout the principal canto, there are a few instances of occasions where Pope made a weird feeling of reality through his utilization of word decision and request. Calling to consideration the vision of a â€Å"birth-night beau†, a bubbly and upbeat picture, Pope compares the possibility of non-consensual relations and goes into a fantasy state. The suggestions that Pope makes here are an exceptionally white and unadulterated scene. The utilization of symbolism, for example, the shoes, â€Å"silver sound†, and Belinda laying her head against her â€Å"downy pillow† makes a setting of security and warmth.  â â â â â â â â â â In line twenty four of the primary canto, the sonnet starts to take on a distinctly fabulous feel. This is utilized to make the feeling that Belinda is really a lethargic individual. As she emerges around early afternoon, the peruser is informed that she comes back to rest †making a feeling of an unpressured and perhaps ruined young lady without any duties.  â â â â â â â â â â The fantasies of Belinda are likewise outlined here. Pope makes reference to a few kinds of fabulous characters in this area which delineate the ridiculous world Belinda possesses. The heavenly attendants and mythical people which Pope makes reference to number in the thousands †and through them, show the psychological time of Belinda †that of a youngster. These animals additionally set up the importance of the principal canto, the admonition of Belinda.  â â â â â â â â â â free Mirror of thy administering Star I saw, too bad! some fear Event approach, Ere to the Main this Morning Sun slip. Be that as it may, Heavn uncovers not what, or how, or where: Warnd by thy Sylph, gracious Pious Maid be careful! This to uncover is all thy Guardian can. Be careful with all, yet most be careful with Man! (Pope 1.108-114) This admonition shows the peruser, in Pope’s mock-epic style, that a catastrophe is going to unfurl for Belinda.  â â â â â â â â â â This fantastical representation proceeds through the finish of the main canto. Pope utilizes the embodiment of the things in Belinda’s space to make the animals which she sees through her fantasies. Line 135 is an ideal case of this as Pope composes: â€Å"The Tortoise here and Elephant join together,/Transform’d to Combs†. It is clear to the peruser that Pope is portraying a tortoise shell and ivory brush. In any case, in the fantasy universe of Belinda, this article is spoken to by its exacting segments before losing this representation and turning into a device to make Belinda’s physical excellence.  â â â â â â â â â â The subsequent canto is utilized to by Pope to show the significance of hair to the physical magnificence of Belinda. Her grand persona is depicted by Pope so as to put an overwhelming load on the locks of hair she will in the long run lose to the reckless Lord.  â â â â â â â â â â Pope overstates Belinda’s physical appeal and the allure of her adornments also. In spite of the fact that she is encircled by many first rate young people, all enhanced in wonder, â€Å"evry Eye was fixd on her alone† (Pope 2.6) Her physical magnificence, as Pope depicts it, is emphasizd by the cross around her neck †which was dynamite to such an extent that â€Å"Jews may kiss, and Infidels adore†. (2.8) The influence of a bit of gems to beat strict conviction is impossible, be that as it may, for Pope, this is an ideal method to outline the apparent influence of high social remaining of the well off world class. For the individuals from the world class groups of England, the significance of visual introduction can't be over-expressed, not in any event, when contrasted with religion. Despite the fact that the image she wears is a Christian symbol, its excellence †both from its development and the way that it is being worn by a little youngster of such allure as Belinda, it could apparently change over Jews and barbarians from their picked authoritative opinions.  â â â â â â â â â â It is additionally in canto two that the Baron, who will execute the assault of the lock, is presented. Lines twenty nine and thirty of the subsequent canto peruses: â€Å"Th Adventrous Baron the splendid Locks admird,/He saw, he wishd, and to the Prize aspird†. This presentation of the Lord makes an intriguing circumstance for the peruser. In spite of the few dozen lines of content which depict the excellence of Belinda’s dress, adornments just as her physical highlights, it is the locks of hair that hang against her neck which the Baron first sets eyes upon, and in this way yearns for.  â â â â â â â â â â The main sentiments of the Baron are demonstrated to be fierce in nature.  â â â â â â â â â â Resolvd to win, he contemplates the way,  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â By Force to violate, or by Fraud sell out;  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â For when Success a Lovers Toil joins in,  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â Few ask, if Fraud or Force attaind his Ends.  â â â â â â â â â â â â â â (2.31-34) This delineation of the man’s purpose shows the peruser that the Baron doesn't picture the hair on Belinda as a piece of Belinda †on the off chance that he perceives Belinda by any stretch of the imagination. The hair that holds tight her neck, nonetheless, is right away worshipped as a dignified prize.  â â â â â â â â â â It is likewise through this area that the locks of hair are given a sexual persona. At no time does the Baron talk, or consider Belinda a wellspring of bliss, yet rather her hair as a comprehensive journey. The promptness of the Baron’s energy for the locks of Belinda’s hair represents a significant part of his character †the trophy is a higher priority than the triumph. It is the purpose of the Baron to show the locks of hair, as one would show a tribute. The locks of would connote the physical success of the excellence of Belinda †regardless of whether that victory at any point really happened.  â â â â â â â â â â The meaning given to the locks of hair on Belinda’s head is that of her virtuousness. By evacuating them, the Baron, in to such an extent as it was found in the occasions, had given Belinda what could be compared to an identification of wantonness. The way through which the Baron accomplishes his objective, is shown through a game. in spite of the fact that this game is apparently harmless, it represents to particular and obvious activities †the first being war, with the immediate symbolism inside the sonnet, and the other being sex, by the inevitable winning of the locks of celibacy by the Baron.  â â â â â â â â â â The triumph of the game empowers the Baron to trim the locks of hair from Belinda’s h

Learn How to Write a Kubrick Essay Topic

Learn How to Write a Kubrick Essay TopicThe question: 'How do I write a Kubrick essay topic?' is an important one for writers who aspire to pen masterpieces that bestow profound emotion and theme. The answer lies in the way authors approach such tough questions. While writing essays of any kind, the writer needs to be brave and courageous.In general, writers might apply their empathy toward a subject in question when pondering a Kubrick essay topic. How then can they write something that holds no interest? It's not enough to produce an essay that doesn't make readers cry and feel all giddy inside. If the writer cannot write something that will make the reader sit up and take notice, then they'll have to find a different venue for submission.You don't need to be a master artist in order to write a Kubrick essay topic. A good writer must know how to express his/her inner feelings and thoughts without resorting to emotional display. The author must have the fortitude to use his creativi ty to the full extent of the knowledge he possesses.The writer should also have some kind of a vision when he/she begins to write a Kubrick essay topic. Writers with big ideas always tend to reap huge rewards. They can turn essays written by those with little brains into famous works of art that have taken the world by storm. Once writers develop a notion about the topic they wish to write, they can take on their work with vigor.Keep in mind, however, that your essays should have a clear direction. Having a concrete plot to follow will help your essay's flow smoothly. Keep in mind that you may not be writing a Kubrick essay topic if you don't have an idea of what that subject may entail. Without a direction, a writer has nothing to keep him/her focused on. For instance, if your topic is Edgar Allan Poe, you will not be able to produce a philosophical essay on Poe unless you know the main themes of Poe's stories and their possible implications on your topic.Develop a dictionary or le xicon to give your writing that added emphasis you require and let it flow naturally. A narrator is not necessary in writing a Kubrick essay. You can use narration to suggest scenes that support your arguments and opinions. Keep in mind that you have to be careful not to use any specific words such as 'can,' 'or,' or 'could.' Merely inserting the word 'but' is enough to confuse readers.Remember, too, that if you're going to write a Kubrick essay, you will be expected to write in the style of Stanley Kubrick. Don't forget that only he would know exactly what a specific character means. In other words, if you're trying to write a personal view of the subject, you're better off consulting another person who's written about it before.The fact is that nobody knows everything about anything. Keep in mind that you are a critic and you'll be very successful if you take this responsibility seriously. Do not get so wrapped up in the details that you will begin to lose sight of the bigger pict ure.

George Mccready Price ( Or George Edward Price - 1914 Words

George McCready Price (or George Edward Price) was born in 1870 and died in 1963. Price had a reputation as being an influence on creationism among people he met (Numbers, p. 89). His father died when George was very young and his mother joined an SDA church on the aftermath of the Millerite movement and during this period was when Ellen G White began having her visions and Seventh-day Adventism was becoming known as Bible people (Numbers, p.89-90). Ellen G White support creationism by endorsing that Noah s flood did happen and that it change the world s surface and buried fossils which helped formed mountains, hills and trees (Numbers, p. 90). Price, married an Adventist lady who was twelve years older than him, he had a job selling books, but then decided to go to Battle Creek College to get an education in teaching, but he ran out of funds which force him to work as a bookseller again but in 1897, he got a job working as a teacher at Tracadie (Numbers p. 91). This was my first tim e learning about George Price, I was shocked to read that he married someone twelve years older than him. Price was a strong believer and supporter of Creationism but he made friends with people who were not like Dr. Alfred Smith, who got him to research evolution (Numbers, p. 91). As a result of his many years of research, Price published a 271 page book on the cons of evolution and the development of Darwinism (Numbers p. 92-93). Price even worked as a pastor on Prince Edward Island but gotShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 Pagesand creationism. The only thing that it is lacking is the scripture to back it up. Began by a devoted seventh day Adventist sect, and self-taught geologist named George McCready Price, the name terms â€Å"creationist movement† was coined. According to Price in many of his books modern science is ridiculous and unconvincing beyond compare. Price along with the authors of The Genesis Flood, Whitcomb and Morris argued that considering scripture explains a flood, believers of Christ have two options in regards;

Casino Gambling Should Be Illegal - 887 Words

Abhishek Garg Instructor Linda Hardwood English110 December 5, 2014 Casino Gambling Should be Illegal in Canada Casino when we hear this word the meaning comes to everyone’s mind- a place of entertainment, a place to try our luck, a place where we can earn with playing. In some sorts we are right casino is a place where we play game like a rolling of dice, playing cards, picking up team, all these games we play using money as a bet to earn more known as casino gambling. These games had meanings that were important to the spiritual, emotional, mental and physical development of aboriginal nations so Casino becomes a large part of the country’s economics and millions of people lives. According to Daryl Boshart â€Å"the first well-known casino in the world was the Casino di Venezia, which was established in Italy back in 1638†. This casino is still operational today. †In the early 20th Century, gambling was outlawed in the U.S, which was done by the social reformers and the state legislation. Gambling continued to gain popularity†. Also, in many Canadian cities i n 1990, there was an expansion in the number and legalized gambling (Cox, Brian J 213). There are also many other factors in increasing casino gambling specially government contribution in making gambling legal and introducing new way of gambling like electronics gambling machine, video lottery terminals in the last decade. â€Å"In 1989, Manitoba was the first province to open a government casino. In 1990, NewShow MoreRelatedlegalizing gambling983 Words   |  4 Pages Legalizing Casino Gambling in Texas Persuasive Speech Outline Legalizing Casino Gambling in Texas Specific Purpose Statement: To persuade my class about why legalizing casino gambling in Texas is for the better. Thesis Statement: Legalizing casino gambling in the state of Texas would enhance society and will be beneficial for the entire state. Organizational Pattern: Problem-Solution Introduction I. Did you know that gambling generates more revenue thanRead More2016 Online Regulation Of Gambling970 Words   |  4 PagesLeslie Pham Professor White Hos 4590 May 5, 2016 Online Regulation of Gambling Casinos and gambling go well together like cheese and crackers. Gambling has been a part of the hospitality and tourism industry for many years. Most people find it fascinating to see what their chances are of willing a large sum of money is like and perhaps retiring early to enjoy their money. Gambling attracts risk takers and adventurous people and it will always give an adrenaline rush becauseRead MoreGambling Is An Extremely Well Liked And Entertaining Activity For The Canadian Population1530 Words   |  7 PagesGambling is an extremely well liked and entertaining activity for the Canadian population. In theory, gambling can be a sense of fun and games, yet it has always been inevitably linked to the Canadian Criminal Code. It has been noticed that, â€Å"Canadians spend more on legal, government-promoted gambling than on clothing, shoes and medicine combined† (Hutchison, 1999). In 1892 all forms of gambling were banned in Canada, with the exception of horse racing (Ste vens, R., 2005). Throughout the years CanadiansRead MoreProblems And Solutions Of Gambling Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pagesconcerning Gambling and Several Solutions Gambling is a kind of recreation from ancient times and is still very popular now. In America, more than 1500 casinos are running and their profits are huge. Some cities like Las Vegas rely on casinos heavily. This essay offers a brief introduction to the casino industry and problems and solutions around it. According to a research by AGA(American Gaming Association), gambling has already been a big part of economy gains in America. They found that gambling generatesRead MoreThe Impact Of Gambling On The United States1650 Words   |  7 Pages Toulmin Argument Research Paper The concept of gambling has been around since the 1600’s when the original thirteen colonies had their own individual lotteries where people viewed gambling as a â€Å"civic responsibility† to play. These lotteries helped establish multiple universities such as Harvard, Yale, Princeton, and William and Mary. Gambling has been legal and then banned several times in three different eras; the first era in the 1600’s to mid-1800’s, the second in the late 1800’s to earlyRead MoreThe States Policy On Gambling1416 Words   |  6 Pagesdiscussing what the states policy on gambling should be, one must first become familiar with the definition of gambling. Gambling is defined as â€Å"the activity or practice of playing at a game of chance for money or other stakes†. 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Adding to the Internet’s growing popularity for entertainment purposes is online gambling. Around the world, the gambling industry is growing rapidly by way of casinos, and most recently, on the Internet. Four years ago, there was one online gambling site; today it’s estimated there are between 300 and 400. To some, gambling on the net may just be an entertaining past time, but for many others it soon becomes a serious addiction. Approximately 80%Read MoreGambling Should be Legalized.1571 Words   |  7 PagesGambling should be legalized What is gambling? According to www.dictionary.com gambling is taking a risk in the hope of gaining an advantage or a benefit. Gambling has been around for centuries and has been dated way back to 1492. People have been gambling in America ever since America was found. There are numerous underground cards clubs and casinos all over the country and in major cities. People gamble on everything: sports evens, dice, and cards. Even though people gamble every day in the UnitedRead MoreThe Competition Of The Gaming Industry1600 Words   |  7 Pagesas it is the only jurisdiction within China where casinos are legal. Before 2003, there was a restriction on the entry of citizens into Macau when it was operated by Stanley Ho’s S.T.D.M as a monopoly. By 2012, visitors had increased 18.6% from the previous year and the industry now runs as an oligopoly. Within this industry are many competitors at a total of 6 within a 29.7 square kilometer area. They are Sociedade de Jogos de Macua, Gal axy Casino, Wynn Resorts, Ventian Macau, MGM Grand Paradise

Essay on Financial Accounting Theory - 1727 Words

QUESTION 1 a. Outline the objective and the principles of a theory that prescribes fair value accounting. Fair value accounting is to measure selected assets at fair value. Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. The objective of fair value accounting is linked with the objective of ‘decision usefulness’ of general purpose financial reporting. That is, to provide relevant information that is representationally faithful for users. IASB’s (and FASB’s) accounting standard on fair value measurement establishes a ‘fair value hierarchy’ in which the highest attainable level of inputs must be used to establish the fair value of an†¦show more content†¦Gearing and interest coverage ratios are frequently used in debt covenant to reduce the risk exposure of the lenders. Gearing is the leverage that measures as the ratio of total liabilities total tangible assets. If the company takes excessive debt or loses tangible assets, its gearing might fall below the requiring ratio; the company is likely to breach the debt covenant. In terms of interest coverage number, the covenant requires that ratio of net profit, with interest and tax added back, to interest expense is at least a minimum number of times. In the case of Sigma Pharmaceutical, the reported loss of $389 million of profit might be the main reason for its breaching of the interest coverage ratio. b. Explain the purpose of the debt covenant from a contracting theory perspective. Is the debt contract an efficient contract? Explain your answer. From a contracting theory perspective, the purpose of the debt covenant is to reduce agency cost of debt. Under Positive accounting theory, borrowers would have divergent behaviours towards lenders, such as excessive dividend payments, claim dilution, asset substitution and underinvestment. Without safeguards, it is assume that lenders would ‘price protect’, that is requiring higher cost of interest toShow MoreRelatedHistorical Development Of Financial Accounting Theory1422 Words   |  6 Pagesthe financial reporting statements of the business. The requirement of disclosures exists to communicate important and valid information to the investors concerning the values arrived at on the financial statements. Throughout this research, each inventory valuation method will be examined and discussed in regards to financial accounting theory, Conceptual Framework, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles, and International Financial Reporting Standards. Historical Development of Financial AccountingRead MoreHistorical Development Of Financial Accounting Theory1526 Words   |  7 Pagesfair value accounting concept, an understanding of the foundation of accounting is where it is today is needed. 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Chapter 4:  Problem 8 (GM) The article â€Å"GM to Take Charge of $20.8-Billion† here reproduced from The Globe and Mail (February 2, 1993) describes the potential impact of SFAS 106, â€Å"Accounting for Postretirement Benefits Other Than Pensions,† on General Motors and Ford. For example, it appears that General Motors will be required to record a liability of $20.8 billionRead MoreFinancial Accounting Theory - Ball and Brown Study1674 Words   |  7 Pagesof Research Paper Through the paper and the information provided by the textbook, it is clear that two brief conclusions we can get and explanations will be attached. 1. The financial statement do impact the share price 2. The influence caused by the financial statement is limited. The main reason, that financial statement impact the share price, is the efficient capital market. Namely, the efficient security market will go hand in hand with full disclosure. Once the relevant information provided

Occupational Health and Safety for Skin Diseases- myassignmenthelp

Question:j Discuss about theOccupational Health and Safety for Skin Diseases. Answer: Introduction The aim of this paper is to find the main causes of the skin diseases in work occupation and try to come up with a solution to the same problem. This paper will evaluate the main causes of skin diseases in hairdressing industry (Lyons, et al., 2013). It will focus on few comparisons of whether this industry is the leading cause of skin diseases or compared to other industries. Its objectives include determining the type of skin disease commonly associated with hairdressing activities, assessing the factors that contribute to the skin infection in the industry and establish the possible ways to reduce skin diseases in the industry. It is nearly impossible to find an organization or industry without skin related diseases due to the fact that skin is greatly exposed to chemicals and other contaminants making it very important to focus on. Skin diseases are categorized into three broad groups. These are Allergic contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, and other related skin diseases. Occupational diseases are those long-lasting diseases believed to result from work or occupational activities. A disease can be termed occupational disease typically when it is shown that it is more prevalent in a given body of workers than it is in the general public, or in the other worker bodies (Mose, et al., 2012). Occupational skin diseases rank the top five occupational diseases in many countries in the world. Statistics show that Occupational skin diseases account for 15% to 20% of all the occupational related diseases (Diepgen, 2012). Skin diseases are categorized into three broad groups. These are Allergic contact dermatitis, Irritant contact dermatitis, and other related skin diseases. The manifestation of occupational skin diseases (hand dermatitis) in the barber and hairdressers started way back in 1898 and today contribute up to 70 percent with barbers and hairdressers getting some form of skin diseases in the careers(Lyons, et al.,2013). These two occupations contract the diseases through getting exposed to bleaches and allergens as well as other irritants. The other causes of these diseases are pre-existing sensitive skin also known as atopic dermatitis. Any individual or student with the skin sensitivity or pre-existing atopic dermatitis should be able to choose between contracting diseases in hairdressing career or choose a fresh one. Otherwise, they will have to wear protective gloves and take other precaution to keep safe all through. It is feared that over 14% of students in hairdressing school in the UK drop their career in second years of their training due to contact dermatitis (Apfelbacher, et al., 2009). Allergic contact Dermatitis is also known as contact allergy. This disease is caused by allergic reaction to certain allergic materials. These materials (allergen) come in contact with the skin and if the skin is allergic to the allergen they contract the disease and vice versa (Kezic, Visser, Verberk, 2009). Women are more vulnerable than men to contract allergic contact dermatitis reason being nickel allergy, and most recently acrylate allergy for nail cosmetics.A high percentage of young children are also allergic to nickel. Patients over 70 years old have a contact allergy to topical antibiotics. In addition to hairdressing, this disease is commonly found in other industries such as metal workers, beauticians, cleaners, florists and health care workers (Lysdal, et al., 2011). This disease, allergic contact dermatitis is a group of delayed hypersensitivity reaction or type 4 occurs in 48-72 hours after exposure to the allergen. Allergic dermatitis is caused by the mechanism involving CD4+, which is able to detect an antigen on the surfaces of skin which in turn releases cytokines that activate the immune system and cause the disease. Contact dermatitis occurs only from an allergen surfaced on the skin and not from internal sources with few people reacting on to a specific allergen which is harmless to those who are not allergic to it(Xu, et al., 2009). There are symptoms showing infection of dermatitis and they are itchy red face as a result of contact with methylisothiazolinone (a preserve of wash-off hair products plus baby wipes), swelling and blistering of neck or face as a result of permanent hair dye body reaction, eczema in skin and also swelling and blistering to most exposed parts of the body (Skudlik, et al., 2012). Allergic contact dermatitis is harmful and needs to be treated regularly by fast knowing which substance react in which way with your body. Identifying the allergen that causes you harm is important to avoid it as it is too persistent in life-long. The longer the person exposes to severe allergic contact dermatitis, the longer the longer it will take to cure after the treatment. Irritant contact dermatitis is a form of contact dermatitis where the skin is wounded by friction, cold, too much exposure to moisture (hydration), acids, alkalis, etc.(Behroozy, Keegel, 2014). It occurs when acids damage the skin surface faster than the skin is able to repair itself. The oils and moisture in the skin outer layer are removed allowing these chemical irritants to enter the skin deeply and cause further inflammation due to the inner damages. Factors that enabling severity are the amount and strength of irritants, skin size thickness, thinness, oily, previously damaged etc. environmental factors such as high/low temperatures or humidity as well as the length of exposure frequency. There are symptoms that show a skin has been affected by these irritants and are dribble rash around the mouth or baby chin, finger underneath the ring, dry irritable skin, itching and dryness of skin, hardening of the skin, pain when stretching the skin etc. However it should be noted that there is no specific indication of irritant contact dermatitis and in any case, it may result from accumulation effects of multiple irritants. To treat this disease use emollient creams, topical steroids, and antibiotics for secondary infection. It is also advisable to look for more treatment options. (Xu, et al., 2009). Australian government lacks mandatory to register for the occupational skin diseases unlike other countries like Germany and Finland. This makes it hard to know the incidences of skin disease infections amongst Australian workers correctly. If there is a register it would provide with useful information on those workers with high rates of Occupational skin diseases as well as enabling substance identification causing occupational skin diseases. Through the work of Rosemary Nixon, Dermatologist and Occupational Physician, Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor at Monarch University Safe Worker Australia contributed funding for the establishment of a national database for occupational skin diseases (Skudlik, et al., 2012). The database has not yet been developed which is expected to be created by collecting patch testing data and employees terms of employment and the demographic information from those who are diagnosed with the disease in testing clinics of Australia. The clinics are yet to be equipped with software designed specifically for capturing data from the patients records, hence raising the understanding of occupational skin diseases as it is feared many patients with the disease has not been diagnosed and treated by a specialist in this field. A most recent Australian paper of 2012, has reported that there were over 10000 worker compensation claims for occupational contact dermatitis in a span of nine years since 2009. A typical compensation for the case was about $3000. Canadian researchers have suggested after the 2009 study that concluded that cleaners are more likely to develop dermatitis than those that dont, that employers should adopt safety skin-care training as a way to prevent the occurrences. The other was suggested to prevent the occupational skin diseases includes creating a healthy and healthy workplace. This is done by assessing whether there are threats in your workplace by looking at how people operate. Practicing good skin care using proper skin cleansers, with the ability to moisturize your skin could help reduce the risks of contracting the disease. In addition, employers should talk to their employees about the issues concerning skin hazards as well as consulting a doctor when the need arises (Skudlik, et al., 2012) There are Australian codes which provide with the methodology for implementing safety and reduce risks associated with irritants. These codes are to be used by the government and land developers in public and private sectors to manage water resources, planning development, creating awareness and achieve specific goals which are relate to the developers relating with the requirement of the water sensitive urban design (WSUD) respectively (Diepgen, et al., 2009). Conclusion The most common types of occupational skin diseases associated with the hairdressing industries are Allergic contact Dermatitis is also known as contact allergy and is caused by allergic reaction and Irritant contact dermatitis amongst other related skin diseases. It is important to note from the information provided earlier that Occupational skin diseases account for 15% to 20% of other occupational related diseases. If serious measures are taken by the Australian government and other government just like Germany and Finland will implement the establishment of national databases for occupational skin diseases and help specialist clinics to take their work seriously by providing with the needed Software there will be more people safe from occupational skin diseases. In conclusion, there is no evidence that shows that hairdressing industry could be the leading source of occupational skin diseases. Therefore a, more research needs to be done to determine where risks greatly fall. References Apfelbacher, C. J., Soder, S., Diepgen, T. L., Weisshaar, E. (2009). The impact of measures for secondary individual prevention of work?related skin diseases in health care workers: 1?year follow?up study. Contact Dermatitis, 60(3), 144-149. Behroozy, A., Keegel, T. G. (2014). Wet-work exposure: the main risk factor for occupational hand dermatitis. Safety and health at work, 5(4), 175-180. Diepgen, T. L. (2012). Occupational skin diseases. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft, 10(5), 297-315. Diepgen, T. L., Elsner, P., Schliemann, S., Fartasch, M., Kllner, A., Skudlik, C., ... Worm, M. (2009). Guideline on the ManagementManagement of Hand Eczema ICD?10 Code: L20. L23. L24. L25. L30. JDDG: Journal der DeutschenDermatologischenGesellschaft, 7(s3). Kezic, S., Visser, M. J., Verberk, M. M. (2009).Individual susceptibility to occupational contact dermatitis. Industrial Health, 47(5), 469-478. Lyons, G., Keegel, T., Palmer, A., Nixon, R. (2013). Occupational dermatitis in hairdressers: do they claim workers' compensation?.Contact dermatitis, 68(3), 163-168. Lyons, G., Roberts, H., Palmer, A., Matheson, M., Nixon, R. (2013).Hairdressers presenting to an occupational dermatology clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Contact Dermatitis, 68(5), 300-306. Lysdal, S. H., Ssted, H., Andersen, K. E., Johansen, J. D. (2011). Hand eczema in hairdressers: a Danish register?based study of the prevalence of hand eczema and its career consequences. Contact Dermatitis, 65(3), 151-158. Mose, A. P., Lundov, M. D., Zachariae, C., Menn, T., Veien, N. K., Laurberg, G., ...Mortz, C. G. (2012). Occupational contact dermatitis in paintersan analysis of patch test data from the Danish Contact Dermatitis Group. Contact Dermatitis, 67(5), 293-297. Skudlik, C., Weisshaar, E., Scheidt, R., Elsner, P., Wulfhorst, B., Schnfeld, M., ...Diepgen, T. L. (2012). First results from the multicentre study rehabilitation of occupational skin diseasesoptimization and quality assurance of inpatient management (ROQ). Contact Dermatitis, 66(3), 140-147. Xu, X., Yang, R., Wu, N., Zhong, P., Ke, Y., Zhou, L., ... Wu, B. (2009). Severe hypersensitivity dermatitis and liver dysfunction induced by occupational exposure to trichloroethylene. Industrial health, 47(2), 107-112.

Brazilians free essay sample

Overview of Indians, social cultural conditions, assimilation, regionalism, population, economics. The Indian peoples of Brazil have seen their tribal way of life disappearing in the face of forces from the rest of Brazil, much as indigenous peoples everywhere have seen an erosion of their way of life: What has amounted to a genocidal process of attrition dates back to the arrival of the first white men, and the abuse and killing of native Brazilians has gained fresh impetus in recent decades as Brazil has opened up its frontiers in an effort to tap the vast resources of the Amazon basin (Page 85). The elite of Brazil et the priorities for the nation, and they have always put their own comfort and enrichment ahead of that of the native Brazilian. The Indians have had to yield in every confrontation with the forces of progress, and the exploitation

Free Essays on 1984 A Futuristic Novel

1984 was written in 1949 as a foresight in to the future, George Orwell pictured the near future to be totally control by controlled by 3 super countries. The main character of the book lives and works in one of the super countries, his name is Winston. Winston works for the Ministry of Truth, a branch of the government that works on changing all written document to agree with the party lines at any time. For example the country that Winston works for was at war with one super country and then it switched sides and started to battle the other super country. Winston had to change all the newspapers that claimed that they were at war with one country to say they were at war with the other country and make it look like they had always been at war with the second country. Most citizens of the country listened to the party and believed every thing that they were told to believe, Winston was not like this, and he was rebellious in nature. His first act of rebellion was the act of keeping a journal, this was not allowed because all written documents were to be controlled or produced by the party. Another thing that made the journal an act of rebellion was the fact that he kept tract of the changes he was forced to make at the ministry of truth. This enabled Winston to keep track of the truth as he knew it and helped him to keep his sanity. Winston second act of rebellion was a love interest. His love interest was another employee at the ministry of truth. Having a lover was not allowed because there was not suppose to be any sex for pleasure the only sex allowed was for reproduction and was monitored through tele-screens. Tele-screens were much like today’s TV’s but they could see both ways so the party used them to monitor the everyday activities of the people. At first Winston would meet the girl in crowded area and the escape into the woods or some other place with no tele-screen. Then Winston found an apartment with no tele-scree... Free Essays on 1984 A Futuristic Novel Free Essays on 1984 A Futuristic Novel 1984 was written in 1949 as a foresight in to the future, George Orwell pictured the near future to be totally control by controlled by 3 super countries. The main character of the book lives and works in one of the super countries, his name is Winston. Winston works for the Ministry of Truth, a branch of the government that works on changing all written document to agree with the party lines at any time. For example the country that Winston works for was at war with one super country and then it switched sides and started to battle the other super country. Winston had to change all the newspapers that claimed that they were at war with one country to say they were at war with the other country and make it look like they had always been at war with the second country. Most citizens of the country listened to the party and believed every thing that they were told to believe, Winston was not like this, and he was rebellious in nature. His first act of rebellion was the act of keeping a journal, this was not allowed because all written documents were to be controlled or produced by the party. Another thing that made the journal an act of rebellion was the fact that he kept tract of the changes he was forced to make at the ministry of truth. This enabled Winston to keep track of the truth as he knew it and helped him to keep his sanity. Winston second act of rebellion was a love interest. His love interest was another employee at the ministry of truth. Having a lover was not allowed because there was not suppose to be any sex for pleasure the only sex allowed was for reproduction and was monitored through tele-screens. Tele-screens were much like today’s TV’s but they could see both ways so the party used them to monitor the everyday activities of the people. At first Winston would meet the girl in crowded area and the escape into the woods or some other place with no tele-screen. Then Winston found an apartment with no tele-scree...

The Song of the Hummingbird Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Song of the Hummingbird - Essay Example According to the discussion  in 1519, a small group Spaniard soldiers led by Hernan Cortes docked on the Mexican Vera Cruz coastline. By mid-August 1521, the capital city of the Mexican empire had fallen to the hands of the Spaniards. This dramatic milestone signified the start of one the globes most famous holocausts. However, this comprehensive destroying of an entire civilization was not conducted through military conquest alone. In 1524, at the invitation by Hernan Cortes for 12 Franciscan monks guided by Fray Toribio arrived in Vera Cruz and journeyed bare footed up to Mexico City. By this time, Hernan Cortes and his other men, had conquered almost the entire of Mexico, but was being affected becoming more and more weak with Cortes’ chase of a rogue army personnel in the north of the nation; only 200 Spaniards gathered together in Mexico city fighting against each other with other Mexican masses keenly waiting for a chance to defeat these new settlers.From this paper it is clear that  Mexicans totally lost their religion to the Spaniards. As a mere consolation, by wiping out the heart and soul of the religious civilization of the Mexican culture, the Spanish church leaders declared ownership of all Mexican people and as such turned into the mask of the Mexican citizens against the carnages done by the Spanish in the name of monetary gain.  This only shows that apart from destroy their past religion, the Spaniards also forced the Mexicans into Christianity.

Inpatient and Ambulatory Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inpatient and Ambulatory Care - Assignment Example Inpatient care is dispensed to a patient in a hospital, clinic or medical center. The patient is required to receive care within the medical center for an extended period of time . Inpatient care can only be delivered in the confines of a medical facility. Ambulatory care can be provided in the hospital setting or outside the hospital setting. Outside of the hospital, ambulatory care can be provided at the home, retail clinics, doctor’s offices, education facilities, pharmaceuticals, and community centers. Patients are attended to at these venues for a relatively shorter period than at inpatient care venues. Doctors have the authority of deciding whether a patient should be put under inpatient care and when they can be discharged from the hospital. In some situations, patients have the autonomy to decide whether they want inpatient care or ambulatory care. A patient is discharged when they have healed considerably and have adequate support outside of the hospital. Inpatient ca re is provided to patients who need critical care such as those who are extremely ill. Patients who require constant observation or more involving care from medical care providers are usually placed in inpatient programs (Wu, 2014). Patients who require advanced medical procedures such as specialized surgeries or transplants are usually placed under inpatient care. Emergency medical cases are almost always placed under inpatient care. Rehabilitation cases can also be placed under inpatient care.

Serum Urate Concentrations and the Risk of Hyperuricemia

Serum Urate Concentrations and the Risk of Hyperuricemia Common UCP2 variants contribute to serum urate concentrations and the risk of hyperuricemia Luyu Yang, Zheng Dong, Jingru zhou, Yanyun Ma, Weilin Pu, Dongbao Zhao, Hongjun He, Hengdong Ji, Yajun Yang, Xiaofeng Wang, Xia Xu, Yafei Pang, Hejian Zou,  Li Jin,  Chengde Yang*, Jiucun Wang* *Corresponding author These authors equally contributed to this study.   Abstract Elevated serum urate, which is regulated at multiple levels including genetic variants, is a risk factor for gout and other metabolic diseases. This study aimed to investigate the association between UCP2 variants and serum urate as well as hyperuricemia in a Chinese population. In total, 4332 individuals were genotyped for two common UCP2 variants, -866G/A and Ala55Val. These loci were not associated either serum urate level or with a risk of hyperuricemia in the total group of subjects. However, in females, -866G/A and Ala55Val were associated with a lower serum urate (P = 0.006 and 0.014à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’seperately) and played a protective role against hyperuricemia (OR = 0.80, P = 0.018; OR = 0.79, P = 0.016). These associations were not observed in the males. After further stratification, the two loci were associated with serum urate in overweight, but not underweight females. The haplotype A-T (-866G/A-Ala55Val) was a protective factor for hyperuricemia in the female subgroup (OR = 0.80, P=0.017). This present study identified a novel gene, UCP2, that influences the serum urate concentration and the risk of hyperuricemia, and the degree of association varies with gender and BMI levels.   Introduction Uric acid is the final product of purine oxidation in humans. Elevated serum urate, or hyperuricemia, has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for gout [1-2]. There is a renewed interest in hyperuricemia and its association with a number of other clinical disorders including hypertension, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney diseases, and abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, which are often subsumed under the term metabolic syndrome [3]. Serum urate is balanced between uric acid production in the liver and its disposal via the kidney and gut [4]. The occurrence of hyperuricemia could be caused by disruptions in any part of this metabolic process. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as gender and body mass index (BMI), have a strong effect on the risk of hyperuricemia [3]. Among those factors, the attribution of genetic factors is estimated to be as high as 73% [5]. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified 28 loci associated with serum urate concentration [6]. However, only approximately 7% of the variation in serum urate concentration could be explained by those reported loci, suggesting the missing heritability remained to be explored [6]. Human uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are mitochondrial transporters present in the inner membrane of mitochondria [7]. UCPs are capable of uncoupling ATP production from mitochondrial respiration by causing proton leak and preventing mitochondrial hyperpolarization and the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [8]. Among the five identified UCPs, UCP2 is widely expressed in almost all mammalian tissues including white adipose tissue, liver, kidney, pancreatic islets, macrophages and retinal endothelial cells, indicating its involvement in a variety of physiologic or pathologic events [9-12]. Two of the most common polymorphisms of this gene, -866G/A (rs659366) in the promoter and Ala55Val (rs660339) in codon 55, were identified as being associated with different phenotypes [7, 12], including obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle size, coronary incidence and other metabolic disorders [9-10, 13-21]. Given the involvement of UCP2 and hyperuricemia in a variety of metabolic disorders, we selected the two common loci -866G/A and Ala55Val to explore the association between genetic UCP2 variants and hyperuricemia in a Chinese population, offering a new diagnostic or therapeutic target for hyperuricemia. Results There was no  association between SNPs and serum urate The two loci were proven in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (-866G/A: P = 0.990; Ala55Val: P = 0.690). For -866G/A, AA, AG, and GG genotypes accounted for 21.6%, 49.9%, and 28.6% of hyperuricemic patients, respectively; in healthy controls, the distribution was 21.2%, 49.6%, and 29.3%, respectively. As shown in Table 1, the -866G/A polymorphism was not found to be associated with serum urate (AA/GG: Beta = -0.008, P = 0.644; AG/GG:Beta = -0.012, P = 0.474) or with the risk of hyperuricemia (AA/GG: OR = 1.05, P = 0.603; AG/GG:OR = 1.03, P = 0.667). For Ala55Val, the TT, TC, and CC genotype distribution was 21.5%, 50.5% and 28.0% in hyperuricemic patients, respectively, and the distribution was 21.5%, 49.8% and 28.6% in healthy controls, respectively. No association was observed between Ala55Val polymorphism and serum urate (TT/CC: Beta = -0.013, P = 0.460; TC/CC:Beta = -0.017, P = 0.324). There was no difference in the distribution of the genotypes or alleles among hyperuricemic patients a nd healthy controls (TT/CC: OR = 1.02, P = 0.824; TC/CC:OR = 1.04, P = 0.652). Therefore, no statistically solid evidence supported the genetic effect of -866G/A and Ala55Val on serum urate or the risk of hyperuricemia in the total group of subjects. UCP2 variants were associated withserum urate andhyperuricemia in female subgroups As shown in Table 1, we stratified all subjects into male and female subgroups to further explore the gender-related genetic effects of the two polymorphisms. In the male subgroups, there were no significant associations between the two loci and serum urate or the risk of hyperuricemia (all P > 0.025). However, some nominal significant associations were found between -866G/A and the hyperuricemia risk (genotype AA: OR = 1.26, P = 0.038; allele A: OR = 1.12, P = 0.035), indicating a possible risky effect of the -866G/A variant on hyperuricemia incidence in males. A significant association was found between SNPs and serum urate and hyperuricemia in the female subgroups. The -866G/A genotypes were associated with a lower serum urate (AA/GG: Beta = -0.078, P = 0.015; AG/GG: Beta = -0.104, P = 0.001) and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (AG/GG: OR = 0.71, P = 0.025). The subjects carrying allele A had a lower serum urate and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (A/G: Beta = -0.054, P = 0.006; OR = 0.80, P = 0.018). For Ala55Val, genotype TT carriers showed a lower serum urate (TT/CC: Beta = -0.075, P = 0.022) and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (TT/CC: OR = 0.64, P = 0.020). Genotype TC carriers only had a lower serum urate (TC/CC: Beta = -0.082, P = 0.012) but no decreased risk of hyperuricemia (TC/CC: OR = 0.77, P = 0.093). Allele T was associated with a lower serum urate (T/C: Beta = -0.049, P = 0.016) and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (T/C: OR = 0.79, P = 0.016). Further analysis of associationin females  with different BMI levels Further analysis was performed regarding the genetic effect of UCP2 variants on serum urate and the risk of hyperuricemia among females with different BMI levels (Table 2). The majority of the females enrolled were stratified into normal- or overweight group (Table 2). In the underweight subgroup, whose sample size was limited after stratification, no significant association was observed between the two loci and serum urate or hyperuricemia risk (all P > 0.025, Table 2). In the normal weight subgroup, -866G/A genotype AA+AG carriers were associated with a lower serum urate (AA+AG/GG: Beta = -0.095, P = 0.022) but not with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (AA+AG/GG: OR = 0.65, P = 0.076). However, the Ala55Val genotypes or alleles showed no statistical association with serum urate (TT+TC/CC: Beta = -0.070, P = 0.091; T/C: Beta = -0.047, P = 0.106) or hyperuricemia (TT+TC/CC: OR = 0.72, P = 0.173; T/C: OR = 0.72, P = 0.051). In the overweight subgroup, the genotypes of both loci were associated a lower serum urate (AA+AG/GG: Beta = -0.138, P = 0.001; TT+TC/CC: Beta = -0.130, P = 0.003) and a significant, or at least marginal, decreased risk of hyperuricemia (AA+AG/GG: OR = 0.62, P = 0.015; TT+TC/CC: OR = 0.74, P = 0.027). However, the alleles of the loci were associated with a lower serum urate level (A/G: Beta = -0.072, P = 0.019; T/C: Beta = -0.072, P = 0.019) but not with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia (A/G: OR = 0.75, P = 0.036; T/C: OR = 0.74, P = 0.027). Our results suggested a stronger effect of UCP2 variants on overweight females than on normal weight females (Table 2). Association between haplotypes and risk of hyperuricemia As listed in Table 3, the haplotypes of the two loci were estimated in the total group of subjects and after stratification by gender. The -866G/A and Ala55Val variants were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D = 0.974, r2 = 0.936). The wild type haplotype G-C (-866G/A-Ala55Val) was applied as the reference one. Haplotype A-T made up for the most frequent one, while single mutation at -866G/A or Ala55Val each accounted for less than 1 percent (Table 3). In the total group of subjects, no haplotypes were correlated with susceptibility of hyperuricemia. In the female subgroups, haplotype A-T (-866G/A-Ala55Val) was associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia; however, this association was null in males. No further significant associations between hyperuricemia and other two rare haplotypes were found in our study, partly due to the limited size of the rare haplotypes carriers (Table 3). These results correlated with the association between genotypes or alleles and hyperuricemia (Ta ble 1). Discussion Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is present in the inner mitochondrial membrane and mainly decreases the ATP level and ROS produced by electron transport; therefore, UCP2 is involved in a board range of pathological processes. In the present study, we first focused on the relationship between UCP2 variants and serum urate and hyperuricemia, potentially examining the scope of the loci related to hyperuricemia. The present study revealed no association between the two polymorphisms of UCP2 and serum urate or hyperuricemia in the total group of subjects. However, because serum urate is extensively influenced by gender differences, we stratified the total group of subjects and determined that -866G/A and Ala55Val were associated with serum urate and hyperuricemia in females [25-26]. Females with the -866G/A genotype AA+AG or allele A had lower serum urate and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia, indicating a protective role of -866G/A for hyperuricemia in females. The -866G/A variant is a functional polymorphism located in the promoter region and putatively changes the transcription factor binding sites [7]. The wild type G allele in -866G/A was associated with lower UCP2 mRNA expression [19, 27]. Increased UCP2 mRNA expression from the A allele was translated into an increased amount of UCP2 protein, with corresponding induced proton leak, decreased ATP/ADP ratio and enhanced elimination of ROS [10, 19]. Hypermethylation in the promoter region could affect the binding of transcripation factors, causing aberrant gene expression. Consistent with our expectations, we found a typical CpG island in the UCP2 promoter region, which included the locus of the -866G/A variant, using information from the University of California-Santa Cruz (UCSC; Santa Cruz, CA, USA) database (http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgGateway). We believe the UCP2 promoter variant -866G/A could shape this CpG island and protect the UCP2 promoter region from DNA methylation, unco vering a novel underlying mechanism that determines -866G/A increases UCP2 transcription. Uric acid accumulation is caused by the acceleration of ATP degradation to AMP, a precursor of uric acid, and UCP2 could decrease the ATP level and lower redundant AMP for uric acid formation [7, 28]. Moreover, an elevation of serum urate concentration occurs as a physiologic response to increased oxidative stress [31]. Because the ROS level could be down-regulated by UCP2, a counter-regulatory increase of serum urate as an antioxidant defense is less urgent. Therefore, the -866G/A variant in the promoter region might serve as a protective factor through a higher UCP2 mRNA level and increased translation of the UCP2 protein, which might regulate ROS and modify the ATP/ADP ratio. The other locus, Ala55Val, is a missense variant in exon 4 and is associated with an altered degree of uncoupling [7]. In our study, a protective effect for hyperuricemia and lower serum urate were observed in genotype TT and allele T in the female subgroups. However, the genetic effect of the Ala55Val variant was less clear. Several researchers identified an association of Ala55Val with the BMI level and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), with controversial conclusions within cohorts, and few functional studies were performed [14, 32-33]. Similar to -866G/A, the protective role of the Ala55Val variant for hyperuricemia might also be attributed to altered UCP2 transcription. In the male subgroups, a less statistically significant but possible effect of -866G/A and Ala55Val was observed for hyperuricemia risk and higher serum urate. Similar gender-associated genetic effects of UCP2 variants were more or less observed for diseases other than hyperuricemia [7]. For example, Heidema et al. suggested a genetic effect of UCP2 on weight gain was regulated through different mechanism in males and females [34]. Lee, et al. demonstrated that the association between UCP2 variants and BMI was more apparent among female subjects [35]. Cheurfa et al. confirmed the association of UCP2 variants with coronary artery diseases in males but not females [36]. In the present study, we found UCP2 variants -866G/A and Ala55Val had a stronger effect on females with hyperuricemia. One possible explanation for the gender-associated genetic effects of UCP2 might be a regulation role of sex hormones such as estrogen. Estrogen was reported to repress UCP2 in a breast cancer cell line and papillary thyroid cancer cells [37-38]. Taken together, these results suggest the UCP2 protein level was down-regulated by estrogen in females but reversed by the variants of -866G/A and Ala55Val, providing a plausible explanation for the specific protective effects of UCP2 variants on females [37]. Genetic effects on hyperuricemia and obesity have been widely recognized [3]. In the present study, we found that -866G/A and Ala55Val were associated with lower serum urate and a decreased risk of hyperuricemia in overweight, but not underweight, females (Table 2). The relative small sample size might limit the correlation analysis in the underweight group. However, we did observe females with higher BMI level were more likely to benefit from the protective genetic effect of -866G/A and Ala55Val, where the association was significant between the two SNPs and serum urate level of risk of hyperuricemia. In the contrast, among the normal weight females, -866G/A, but not Ala55Val, showed a significant association with a low risk of hyperuricemia, indicating a less contribution from the protective effect of UCP2 variants than seen in overweight females. It was also implied from our results that the [tw1]functional à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã¢â‚¬â„¢866G>A promoter variant displayed a stronger effect. The interactions between obesity, uric acid and UCP2 were complicated. BMI has long been viewed as an essential factor influencing uric acid [3]. UCP2 transcription was activated by fatty acids [16]. A recent meta-analysis revealed that UCP2 -866G/A and Ala55Val are associated with a risk of obesity [32]. Subtle intermediary obesity related phenotypes such as elevated triglycerides, total cholesterol concentrations, increased the risk of dyslipidemia and circulating leptin levels were also observed to be correlated with UCP2 variants [40]. Based on these results, we assumed lipid metabolism material such as fatty acids participated in and enhanced the genetic effect of UCP2 variants on serum urate regulation, explaining the stronger genetic effect of UCP2 variants on females with higher BMI levels observed in the present study. The -866G/A and Ala55Val variants were in strong linkage disequilibrium (D = 0.974, r2 = 0.936). The haplotype frequency analysis revealed that variants of the two loci were more in co-variant haplotype A-T (-866G/A-Ala55Val) compared with the single variant forms of G-T or A-C (Table 3). Haplotype A-T was associated with a decreased risk of hyperuricemia only in females, which was consistent with the genotype or alleles results. However, the small size of the two rare haplotypes might limit the power of association analysis with hyperuricemia risk to a certain extent. The susceptibility of hyperuricemia in the two rare haplotype carriers required validation in a larger cohort. Conclusion The present study identified a novel gene, UCP2, with two loci, -866G/A and Ala55Val; this gene influenced the serum urate concentrations and the risk of hyperuricemia in females. The associations of those loci were affected by gender and BMI. This study supported the potential involvement of this gene in the prevention, prediction and treatment of hyperuricemia. Materials and methods Experimental design A total of 4332 subjects were enrolled from the Taizhou Longitudinal Study [22] and included 1387 hyperuricemic patients and 2945 healthy controls. The associations of common UCP2 variants with serum urate and hyperuricemia were tested by linear regression and logistic regression with or without gender stratification, respectively. A body mass index (BMI) subgroup was also used for further analysis. Participants All subjects were enrolled from Taizhou Longitudinal Study [22], of which 1387 individuals had serum urate level over 7 mg/dl and were treated as hyperuricemic patients, and 2945 individuals had normal serum urate (à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 7 mg/dl) and were treated as healthy controls [23]. The subjects were divided into subgroups (underweight: BMI à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¼ 18.5; normal weight: 18.50 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ £ BMI Genetic analysis Genetic analysis was carried out in accordance with the written informed consent and guideline offered by the Ethical Committees of the School of Life Science of Fudan University. For genetic analysis, peripheral blood was collected from all the individuals included in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood using the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini kit (QIAGEN, Germany) and was stored at -20à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™. The DNA concentration and quality (including optical density (OD) 260/280 and 260/230 measurements) were determined using a Nanodrop Lite spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Genotyping of -866G/A and Ala55Val in UCP2 were performed by SNPscan according to the manufacturers instructions. Statistical analysis The clinical characteristics were presented as the mean à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ± SD. Students t-test was used to test for a significant difference in the mean age, BMI and serum urate between hyperuricemic patients and healthy controls. The chi-square test was used to describe the gender distribution difference between hyperuricemic patients and healthy controls. The chi-square test was used to test Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) of the two loci. We conducted a logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odd ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and P-values to describe the distribution of -866G/A and Ala55Val adjusted for age and gender between hyperuricemic patients and healthy controls. A linear regression was performed to calculate Beta and P-values to estimate the effect on serum urate in different genotypes and alleles. Genotype GG, allele G of -866G/A and genotype CC, allele C of Ala55Val were used as references, respectively. Stratification into subgroups was performed on the basis of gender and different BMI values for further analysis. Haplotype frequencies between the hyperuricemic patients and controls were estimated by OR (95% CI) and chi-square test. The haplotype of the most frequent (-866G/A-Ala55Val, G-C) was used as the reference. A 2-sided P-value less than 0.025 was considered statistically significant after multiple correlation by Bonferroni method. The PHASE program (V2.1) was used for haplotype frequencies estimation, and SPSS 19.0 was used for the statistical analysis. References 1. Choi HK, Mount DB, Reginato AM. Pathogenesis of gout. Ann Intern Med 2005;143(7):499-516. 2.  Weaver AL. Epidemiology of gout. Cleve Clin J Med 2008;75 Suppl 5:S9-12. 3.  Billiet L, Doaty S, Katz JD, Velasquez MT. Review of hyperuricemia as new marker for metabolic syndrome. ISRN Rheumatol 2014;2014:852954. 4.  Hediger MA, Johnson RJ, Miyazaki H, Endou H. Molecular physiology of urate transport. Physiology (Bethesda) 2005;20:125-33. 5.  Kolz M, Johnson T, Sanna S, Teumer A, Vitart V, Perola M, et al.. Meta-analysis of 28,141 individuals identifies common variants within five new loci that influence uric acid concentrations. PLoS Genet 2009;5(6):e1000504. 6.  Kà ¶ttgen A, Albrecht E, Teumer A, Vitart V, Krumsiek J, Hundertmark C, et al.. Genome-wide association analyses identify 18 new loci associated with serum urate concentrations. Nature Genetics 2012;45(2):145-154. 7.  Donadelli M, Dando I, Fiorini C, Palmieri M. UCP2, a mitochondrial protein regulated at multiple levels. In; 2014. p. 1171-90. 8.  Azzu V, Jastroch M, Divakaruni AS, Brand MD. The regulation and turnover of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Bioenergetics 2010;1797(6-7):785-791. 9.  Dalgaard LT, Andersen G, Larsen LH, Sorensen TI, Andersen T, Drivsholm T, et al.. Mutational analysis of the UCP2 core promoter and relationships of variants with   obesity. Obes Res 2003;11(11):1420-7. 10. Dalgaard LT. Genetic Variance in Uncoupling Protein 2 in Relation to Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Related Metabolic Traits: Focus on the Functional -866G>A Promoter Variant (rs659366). J Obes 2011;2011:340241. 11. Rousset S, Mozo J, Dujardin G, Emre Y, Masscheleyn S, Ricquier D, et al.. UCP2 is a mitochondrial transporter with an unusual very short half-life. FEBS Lett 2007;581(3):479-82. 12. Jarmuszkiewicz W, Woyda-Ploszczyca A. [Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins: regulation and physiological role]. Postepy Biochem 2008;54(2):179-87. 13. Yu X, Wieczorek S, Franke A, Yin H, Pierer M, Sina C, et al.. Association of UCP2 -866 G/A polymorphism with chronic inflammatory diseases. In; 2009. p. 601-5. 14. Rosmond R, Bouchard C, Bjorntorp P. Lack of association between the uncoupling protein-2 Ala55Val gene polymorphism and phenotypic features of the Metabolic Syndrome. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002;1588(2):103-5. 15.  Heidari J, Akrami SM, Heshmat R, Amiri P, Fakhrzadeh H, Pajouhi M. Association study of the -866G/A UCP2 gene promoter polymorphism with type 2 diabetes and obesity in a Tehran population: a case control study. Arch Iran Med 2010;13(5):384-90. 16.  Emre Y, Nà ¼bel T. Uncoupling protein UCP2: When mitochondrial activity meets immunity. In; 2010. p. 1437-1442. 17. Toda C, Diano S. Mitochondrial UCP2 in the central regulation of metabolism. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014;28(5):757-64. 18. Shen Y, Wen Z, Wang N, Zheng Z, Liu K, Xia X, et al.. Investigation of variants in UCP2 in Chinese type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. PLoS One 2014;9(11):e112670. 19. Sesti G, Cardellini M, Marini MA, Frontoni S, DAdamo M, Del GS, et al.. A common polymorphism in the promoter of UCP2 contributes to the variation in insulin secretion in glucose-tolerant subjects. Diabetes 2003;52(5):1280-3. 20.  Otaegui D, Saenz A, Ruiz-Martinez J, Olaskoaga J, Lopez DMA. UCP2 and mitochondrial haplogroups as a multiple sclerosis risk factor. In; 2007. p. 454-8. 21.  Oktavianthi S, Trimarsanto H, Febinia CA, Suastika K, Saraswati MR, Dwipayana Pà ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ´AW, et al.. Uncoupling protein 2 gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity. Cardiovascular diabetology 2012;11(1):41. 22.  Wang X, Lu M, Qian J, Yang Y, Li S, Lu D, et al.. Rationales, design and recruitment of the Taizhou Longitudinal Study. BMC Public Health 2009;9:223. 23.  Mandell BF. Clinical manifestations of hyperuricemia and gout. Cleve Clin J Med 2008;75 Suppl 5:S5-8. 24.  WHO Global Database on Body Mass Index (BMI): an interactive surveillance tool for monitoring nutrition transition. Public Health Nutr. 2006; 9(5):658-. doi:10.1079/Phn2006967. ISI:000239972300019.. 25. Terkeltaub RA. Clinical practice. Gout. N Engl J Med 2003;349(17):1647-55. 26.  Neogi T. Clinical practice. Gout. N Engl J Med 2011;364(5):443-52.   Ã‚   27.  Lapice E, Pinelli M, Pisu E, Monticelli A, Gambino R, Pagano G, et al.. Uncoupling protein 2 G(-866)A polymorphism: a new gene polymorphism associated with C-reactive protein in type 2 diabetic patients. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2010;9:68. 28.  Richette P, Bardin T. Gout. Lancet 2010;375(9711):318-28. 29. Waring WS, Webb DJ, Maxwell SR. Systemic uric acid administration increases serum antioxidant capacity in healthy volunteers. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2001;38(3):365-71. 30. Zhang M, Wang M, Zhao Z. Uncoupling protein 2 gene polymorphisms in association with overweight and obesity susceptibility: A meta-analysis. Meta Gene 2014;2:143-159. 31.Vogler S, Goedde R, Miterski B, Gold R, Kroner A, Koczan D, et al.. Association of a common polymorphism in the promoter of UCP2 with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2005;83(10):806-11. 32.Heidema AG, Wang P, van Rossum CT, Feskens EJ, Boer JM, Bouwman FG, et al.. Sex-specific effects of CNTF, IL6 and UCP2 polymorphisms on weight gain. Physiol Behav 2010;99(1):1-7. 33.Lee YH, Kim W, Yu BC, Park BL, Kim LH, Shin HD. Association of the ins/del polymorphisms of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) with BMI   in a Korean population. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008;371(4):767-71. 34.Cheurfa N, Dubois-Laforgue D, Ferrarezi DA, Reis AF, Brenner GM, Bouche C, et al.. The common -866G>A variant in the promoter of UCP2 is associated with decreased risk of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic men. Diabetes 2008;57(4):1063-8. 35.Nadal-Serrano M, Sastre-Serra J, Pons DG, Miro AM, Oliver J, Roca P. The ERalpha/ERbeta ratio determines oxidative stress in breast cancer cell lines in response to 17beta-estradiol. J Cell Biochem 2012;113(10):3178-85. 36.Hima S, Sreeja S. Regulatory role of estrogen-induced reactive oxygen species in the modulatory function of UCP 2 in papillary thyroid cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2015. 37.Hamada T, Kotani K, Fujiwara S, Sano Y, Domichi M, Tsuzaki K, et al.. The UCP2-866 A/A genotype is associated with low density lipoprotein particle sizes in the general population. Med Sci Monit 2008;14(3):CR107-11. Acknowledgements This research was supported by grants from the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality (11DJ1400100), International ST Cooperation Program of China (2013DFA30870), Ministry of Science and Technology (2011BAI09B00), and Program for 2012 Outstanding Medical Academic Leader for Hejian Zou. The computations involved in this study were supported by Fudan University High-End Computing Center. Author contributions statement

Malaria Life Cycle :: essays research papers

Page 1 of 6 Life Cycle of Malaria Page 2 of 6 Malaria is an ancient disease transmitted by the Anopheles mosquito that predates recorded history. Historically it was common in the swampy areas around Rome, and was believed that the tainted air in those locations made people very sick, the disease was therefore named malaria for the Latin root words bad air. Malaria is caused by small parasitic protozoa of the genus Plasmodium which infects both humans and mosquitoes in a cyclical process. It is carried by only by female mosquitoes residing in tropical and subtropical areas and is injected into unsuspecting human hosts by the bite of an infected mosquito. This particular Plasmodium is highly specific to infecting humans as we are the only vertebrates infected and the Anopheles mosquitoes are the vectors. (1). This papers main focus shall be the process by which a malarial plasmodium colonizes and infects a human host, the methods the body employs to control the infection and the continuous life cycle completed between the two hos ts. To understand any disease in humans one must first understand how it arrives into the body and what processes ensue. The following shall first describe the transmition of the disease and then the colonization that takes place. During a blood meal on a human a female mosquito must inject her saliva containing an anticoagulant agent to ensure and even flow of blood into the mouth (1). With the saliva comes malarial sporozoites which, within minutes of direct contact with the blood take an immediate route with the circulation of blood to the liver of the human (2). Research has indicated that once the sporozoites arrive in the livers sinusoidal cavities they stop their movement by using two major surface proteins, the circumsporozoite and the thormbospondin-related adhesive protein (3). Research Page 3 of 6 conducted by Pradel et al. suggests that the sporozoites use these surface proteins to attach to proteoglycans in the sinusoidal extracellular matrix to slow their travel through the liver and then bind to chondroiten and heparin sulfate proteoglycans on the Kupfer cells. The Kupfer cells then become the doorways through which the sporozoite leaves the circulatory system and enters the underlying hepatocytes. Once the sporozoites invade the hepatocytes they are protected from the immune system by a parasitophosphorous (4) vacuole that does not colocalize with the normal signals for acidifying organelles (2). Because the body doesn’t recognize the vacuole as a threat at this point it remains safely with in the hepatic cell where it will stay for 9-16 days and differentiate into haploid cells called schizont which contain nearly 30,000 compact cells called merozoites (1).

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four Essay

George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel which presents an exagerated version of a totalitarian regime which not only controlled everything but which also could not be removed by any means. Orwell’s novel drew attention, back in 1949 when the novel was published, upon how this world would look like if a totalitarian regime would truly take over. My aim for this essay is to analyze Orwell’s novel with respect to the marxist elements present in the novel and also to illustrate their impact upon the protagonist’s feelings. Marxism and especially Stalinism are present in Orwell’s novel through certain elements: countinuous surveillance, control of the mind, the cult of personality and a supposed â€Å"equality† between the Party’s members. Isaac Asimov, in his essay Review of 1984, considers Orwell as a writer with not much of an imagination, accusing him of not developing in the novel the actual communist actions which were happening in reality. â€Å"Orwell imagines Great Britain to have gone through a revolution similar to the Russian Revolution and to have gone through all the stages that Soviet development did. He can think of almost no variations on the theme. I believe, though, that Orwell was an extraordinary visionary who pictured a society chained in nothing but governmental controll, a society which cannot be defeated. A communist concept presented in the novel is that of the powerless individual and of the high disregard the Party had for individualism. Everybody must form a group with everybody – this is the recipe for power, according to any communism regime. In 1984, history is continuously rewritten and in this way, the population’s memories are restricted only to what appears in the remaining articles after rewriting; it can be seen as another way of mind control. Winston himself discovers that most of what the Party states is lies and towards the end of the novel, when Oceania suddenly becomes enemies with Eastasia, the country with which it had been allies all along, everybody is forced to conceive that they have â€Å"always been at war with Eastasia†. Ramesh K. writes in his essay Socio-Cultural Matrix in George Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty Four that â€Å"history is constantly rewritten to suit the current goals of the Party. Only the destruction of human memory will make it possible. Hence the Ministry of Truth (Minitru) modifies history perpetually to the tune of the ideals of the Party†. As a result of the rewriting of history is the loss of memories. Nobody remembers how life looked like â€Å"before† Big Brother, and yet nobody seems to find it as disturbing as Winston does. He barely remembers his family, and he suspects that most of his memories are only a product of his imagination. He has problems recalling maternal love; he sometimes feels guilty for his parents’ disappearance and he constantly regrets his childhood behavior. When regarding history, the only existing proof or better said, evidence, of such distant civilizations, ones before Big Brother, is written in censored books, created by the Party itself, with carefully selected details which attempt to illustrate how life is much better in the year of 1984, with the Ingsoc regime, then before the totalitarian era. Truth is continuously distorted and it can be regarded as close to extinction, since nobody has a correct notion of what is or is not true, anymore. Memories are vague and the ones vivid are imposed, influenced by the Party. The loss of memories the whole society experiences may also be a result of the continuous flow of new information which constantly contradicts the old one and which, in its turn, is recreated over and over again. The process of rewriting history is described in 1984: â€Å"This process of continuous alteration was applied not only to newspapers, but to books, periodicals, pamphlets, posters, leaflets, films, sound-tracks, cartoons, photographs – to every kind of literature or documentation which might conceivably hold any political or ideological significance† (Orwell, Part 1, Chapter 4, p. 1). The cult of personality has a huge influence on Orwell’s dystopia, as on any other totalitarian society. Big Brother has been associated by the critics with Stalin, while his political enemy, another alleged founder of the Party, Emmanuel Goldstein, was seen as the correspondent of Trotsky, Stalin’s enemy in the power struggle from the 1920s. Like Trotsky, Goldstein was deported and excluded from the Party. According to Isaac Asimov, Orwell’s â€Å"enemy was Stalin, and at the time that 1984 was published, Stalin ad ruled the Soviet Union in a ribbreaking bear hug for twenty-five years, had survived a terrible war in which his nation suffered enormous losses and yet was now stronger than ever. To Orwell, it must have seemed that neither time nor fortune could budge Stalin, but that he would live on forever with ever increasing strength. – And that was how Orwell pictured Big Brother†. Big Brother is regarded as immortal, the is no evidence of his actual existence, and even O’Brien hints to the fact that Big Brother is nothing more than the embodiment of the Party. In the fictional book written by Goldstein he states that â€Å"Nobody has ever seen Big Brother. He is a face on the hoardings, a voice on the telescreen. We may be reasonably sure that he will never die, and there is already considerable uncertainty as to when he was born. Big Brother is the guise in which the Party chooses to exhibit itself to the world† (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 9, p. 262). Big Brother was everywhere: â€Å"On coins, on stamps, on the covers of books, on banners, on posters, and on the wrappings of a cigarette packet – everywhere. Always the eyes watching you and the voice enveloping you. Asleep or awake, working or eating, indoors or out of doors, in the bath or in bed—no escape. Nothing was your own except the few cubic centimetres inside your skull† (Orwell, Part 1, Chapter 2, p. 34). In such a strict society, Winston attempts rebelling against the Party and also falling in love. Once he meets Julia, his double life takes form and he finds himself in a continuous seek for freedom. The relationship between Winston and Julia is, of course, sentenced to permanent influences on behalf of the Party. They attempt to rebell against it but their rebellion is nothing but a narrowed one, with no actual influence upon the Party. In a world where everything, with no exception, has been adapted to completely new rules, where history is continuously modified and the truth is contorsed over and over again, not even love or friendship remain the same. Winston and Julia are supposed to be in love and moreover, they are supposed to be not only friends, but allies in their fight against the system, but in 1984, in this parallel version of totalitarianism Orwell created, friendship and love would always be darkened by the other’s real identity. An example for how love is reduced can be found in the episode when Julia attempts to dress up for Winston, when renting the room above the antiquities shop, a room which does not have a telescreen. She hardly manages to become feminin by using a very bad smelling perfume – which brings about awful memories to Winston – and by wearing ugly – and yet different from the Party’s uniform – clothes. It seems like no one has the ability of being romantic any longer, and even more important, no one has the means of being so. In 1984, no possible love relationship can be imagined and the idea of making love is something strictly forbidden, because making love – and this is something the Party knows very well – makes people happy, and when people are happy, they no longer care for every bad thing that happens in their every day life in the context of a totalitarian society. Julia explained to Winston the Party’s conception: â€Å"When you make love you’re using up energy; and afterwards you feel happy and don’t give a damn for anything. They can’t bear you to feel like that. They want you to be bursting with energy all the time. All this marching up and down and cheering and waving flags is simply sex gone sour. If you’re happy inside yourself, why should you get excited about Big Brother and the Three-Year Plans and the Two Minutes Hate and all the rest of their bloody rot? † (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 3, p. 167). In the eyes of the Party, there’s no such thing as love or friendship, and even the existing feelings can only be pointed towards Big Brother, the totalitarian leader who can only be seen on the posters all over the city, which show Big Brother’s portrait and a terrifying slogan: â€Å"Big Brother is watching you†. According to Isaac Asimov â€Å"the great Orwellian contribution to future technology is that the television set is two-way, and that the people who are forced to hear and see the television screen can themselves be heard and seen at all times and are under constant supervision even while sleeping or in the bathroom. Hence, the meaning of the phrase ‘Big Brother is watching you’. † Love, as already discussed, is distorted, reduced to physical needs (not even physical pleasure). But, as it is easy to notice, throughout the novel, love remains the Party’s greatest enemy against which they are already fighting through manipulating the children – yet only achieving the destruction of parental love. I consider that children betraying their parents are a symbol and nonetheless, an illustration of what Orwell may have imagined about future generations who will do everything for the Party’s sake – even betray their own mothers and fathers. In my opinion, children when regarded as a symbol, are supposed to â€Å"bring the change into the world†. In 1984 they are the reversed, the opposite version of this concept: children will not change anything, from their point of view, the totalitarian society must and will remain as it is, with few corrections here and there in the history books, when actions and facts begin to contradict with others. â€Å"Nearly all children nowadays were horrible [†¦ ] they were systematically turned into ungovernable little savages, and yet this produced in them no tendency whatever to rebel against the discipline of the Party. On the contrary, they adored the Party and everything connected with it. †¦ ]All their ferocity was turned outwards, against the enemies of the State, against foreigners, traitors, saboteurs, thought-criminals. It was almost normal for people over thirty to be frightened of their own children† (Orwell, Chapter 2, p. 31). As a conclusion, 1984 emphasizes not only on the impact of a totalitarian regime upon the society, but also on its impact upon the individual’s soul, feelings and thoughts. Winston and Julia’s rebellion may be described as an abstract one, because they do not really achieve anything. Oliver Substance, in his essay The Tendency of Man: Nineteen Eighty-Four, states that â€Å"to truly be a rebel, all of one’s actions need to be rebellious, not just the one’s involving the basic human urges. Rebels need plans, or else they end up the same way as every other would-be rebel: in Room 101. † The impact upon the reader has no limit, since the novel leaves so much space for interpretation and continuation. Finally, I would like to end my essay with the following quote from the novel: â€Å"If you can FEEL that staying human is worth while, even when it can’t have any result whatever, you’ve beaten them† (Orwell, Part 2, Chapter 7, p. 210).

Supply Chain Management Essay example - 1672 Words

Supply Chain Management Supply chain management lets an organization get their products of raw goods to the place they are needed at the right time, the right place, and what exactly they have ordered, and at a reasonable cost. It moves from parts supplier to manufacturers to wholesale to retailer then consumer. Supply chain management plays an important role supplying the manufacturers all the way down to the consumer, so they can satisfy their customers, and to have good benefits for their company, if the supply chain management is managed good, they will have a good outcome for their company. Supply chain management does involve some factors; location of facilities of where the goods will be flowing from, production is another†¦show more content†¦The procedures of this chain that takes place in a good way or efficient way they will make their organization have a good outcome, and they will produce more customers. Many or most of the companies that produce raw materials, products, are affected by the supply chain management, once they have their supply chain going and the links of the chain are linked to one another, they have a good outcome for their organization or company it does take planning and implementing the applications to have a good flow going for your raw goods too, and materials to get where they need to be. It is affected anytime during their producing of the materials or products. There are mistakes in the supply chain management that can effect your supply chain management. From one source they do have top ten mistakes running your supply chain management, listing. 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